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Term Description References
Color data type Specified as a keyword or a numerical color value. https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Types
alpha-value data type Specifies the transparency of a color. May be a <number>, in which case 0 is fully transparent and 1 is fully opaque, or a <percentage>, in which case 0% is fully transparent and 100% fully opaque. https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Types
hue data type Specifies the <angle>, with a unit identifier of deg, grad, rad, or turn, or unitless <number> interpreted as deg, of the color wheel specific to the <absolute-color-functions> of which it is a component. https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Types
Numeric colors Allow to specify color via numeric format such as Hex, RGB or HSL https://web.dev/learn/css/color/
Primary colors Red, green and blue https://web.dev/learn/css/color/
Hex notation Hexadecimal notation (often shortened to hex) is a shorthand syntax for RGB. The hexadecimal ranges are 0-9 and A-F. When used in a six digit sequence, they are translated to the RGB numerical ranges which are 0-255 which correspond to the red, green, and blue color channels respectively. https://web.dev/learn/css/color/
RGB RGB (Red, Green, Blue) colors are defined with the rgb() color function, using either numbers or percentages as parameters. The numbers need to be within the 0-255 range and the percentages are between 0% and 100%‌. https://web.dev/learn/css/color/
HSL HSL stands for hue, saturation and lightness. Hue describes the value on the color wheel, from 0 to 360 degrees, starting with red (being both 0 and 360). A hue of 180, or 50% would be in the blue range. Saturation is how vibrant the selected hue is. A fully desaturated color (with a saturation of 0%) will appear grayscale. And finally, lightness is the parameter which describes the scale from white to black of added light. A lightness of 100% will always give you white. https://web.dev/learn/css/color/
Color keywords There are 148 named colors in CSS. These are plain English names such as purple, tomato and goldenrod. https://web.dev/learn/css/color/